Plumbing

The humble toilet is a vital fixture in every modern household, providing both convenience and sanitation. Like anything else, toilets break on occasion, leading to frustration, inconvenience, and a major disruption in your home.

Once you understand the common causes of toilet issues, however, you can resolve them efficiently. Find out more about toilet troubles and learn the most common causes and what to do next from the experts at Sierra Air.

How Does a Toilet Work?

Your home toilet has two major parts: the bowl that rests on the floor and the upper tank that holds the water that’s released each time you flush. The bowl is basically a solid piece of porcelain with a drain fixture and no moving parts. Most repairs won’t involve the bowl.

The tank, on the other hand, is where most of the functionality comes from. There are two important valves and the handle that initiates flushing. This is where most of the repairs occur, but fortunately, you can fix a lot of them yourself.

Keep in mind that some newer style toilets can differ in the way they flush and their parts. Make sure you know the make and model of your toilet before you work on it yourself. Typically, the manufacturer’s name will be stamped on the porcelain and the model is on the underside of the tank cover.

Before you can start repairs, you have to have a basic understanding of how your toilet actually works. The toilet tank’s function is to hold a quantity of water until you flush the toilet, at which time the water in the tank rushes through the opening at the bottom of the tank and into the bowl. This action forces waste out of the bowl and into the drain and sewer lines.

There are two major toilet parts in the tank that make this happen: the flush valve and the fill valve.

The toilet fill valve is the mechanism that fills the tank with water. It’s also known as the ballcock or refill valve. The fill valve is usually located on the left side of the tank as you’re looking down from above with the lid removed.

There are four basic variations of fill valves:

• Plunger-type ballcock:This is the oldest type of fill valve and is usually made of brass.
• Diaphragm-type ballcock:Older styles of toilet may have a brass diaphragm-type ballcock, while newer types are plastic.
• Float cup fill valve:This is a newer design and often made of plastic.
• Floatless fill valve:This is newer design that isn’t always allowed by some codes.

Whatever design you have, the fill valve has basically the same function – it automatically opens the tank water supply valve when the water levels falls in the tank during a flush, then it turns off automatically when the water level rises to a specific level. Depending on the design, the valve is operated by a floating ball or a float cup that moves up and down with the water level. Floatless fill valves operate by sensing the water pressure at the bottom of the tank.

If you remove the tank lid and watch the process of a flush cycle, you can easily see how a toilet flushes.

Here are some common causes of toilet troubles:

Clogged Drains: A Common Culprit

One of the most common toilet troubles is a clogged drain. This issue can manifest in slow drainage, water pooling, or a total blockage. The primary cause of clogs is the improper disposal of items in the toilet, such as too much toilet paper, feminine hygiene products, or even foreign objects that can obstruct the pipes. Remember, just because it says “flushable” doesn’t mean it’s safe for your toilet.

How to fix a clogged drain:

1. Start with a plunger.
2. Ensure you have a proper seal around the drain.
3. Use rhythmic plunging motions to dislodge the blockage.
4. Try flushing.
5. Repeat if necessary.

If the plunger isn’t effective for removing the clog, you can try a plumbing snake to reach deeper into the pipes and break up the obstruction.

Running Toilet: A Water Waster

A running toilet is not just annoying. It can lead to significant water waste and high utility bills. The most common cause of a running toilet is a faulty flapper valve or flush valve, which tends to wear out over time. When this happens, water continuously flows into the bowl.

To diagnose and repair a running toilet, start by removing the tank lid and inspecting the flapper valve. If it seems damaged or misaligned, a replacement may be necessary. Additionally, you should check the float mechanism and adjust it to the proper water level. You may need to replace the flush valve for a comprehensive fix.

Phantom Flushing: A Common Mystery

If you hear the toilet flushing by itself, you’re experiencing a “phantom flush.” This phenomenon occurs when the water leaks from the tank into the bowl, triggering the fill valve to activate and refill the tank. This constant water loss can lead to increased water bills.

To troubleshoot phantom flushing, inspect the flapper valve for a proper seal. If it’s in good condition, check the water level in the tank and adjust it if necessary. The leaking flush valve can also be a culprit. If this is the case, replacing the valve will resolve the issue.

A Weak Flush: Low Pressure

A weak flush can be a persistent problem in some toilets, leading to incomplete waste removal and potential clogs. The most common cause is a low water level in the tank or an issue with the flush valve.

To enhance the flush, check the water level in the tank and adjust it to the recommended level  marked inside the tank. If this doesn’t improve the flush, inspect the flush valve for signs of wear or damage. Replacing the flush valve or adjusting the chain connected to the flush handle may be necessary.

Leaky Seals: A Source of Silent Damage

 

Leaky seals are often overlooked, but they can cause significant damage over time. The wax ring, which seals the toilet to the floor, and the tank-to-bowl gasket can deteriorate, leading to water leakage around the base of the toilet.

To fix leaky seals, start by inspecting the wax ring for any signs of wear and damage. If it’s compromised, make sure to replace it as soon as possible. Similarly, check the tank-to-bowl gasket for proper positioning and replace it if necessary. It’s important to address leaky seals as soon as possible to prevent water damage to the flooring and subfloor.

Condensation: Sweating Toilet Tanks

Condensation on the exterior of the toilet tank, which is often referred to as “sweating,” is a common issue – especially if you have a lot of humidity. While it may seem merely inconvenient, prolonged condensation can contribute to mold growth and damage to the surrounding area.

To combat toilet tank condensation, consider using a tank liner or insulating the tank. These measures help regulate the temperature difference between the cold water inside the tank and the ambient air, reducing or eliminating condensation.

Strange Noises: Gurgling or Bubbling

Unusual sounds coming from your toilet can be a cause for concern. Gurgling, bubbling, or hissing sounds may indicate a problem with the drainage system. These sounds are typically caused by a blocked vent pipe or a partially clogged drain.

To address strange noises, start by plunging the toilet to unblock it. If the problem persists, a plumbing snake can be used to clear blockages further down the drain.

Noisy Toilet Seat: An Annoying Problem

Noisy or slamming toilet lids can be irritating, but they can also damage your toilet. The toilet seat hinges may need maintenance or it may be time to upgrade the entire toilet seat.

First, spray lubricant on the seat hinges and open and close the seat and lid a few times to distribute it. If the noise continues, replace the hinges.

If the toilet seat is slamming, replacing it with a new slow-close lid may be necessary. If you prefer not to switch out your current seat, install bumpers to reduce noise and impact. If you already have a slow-close lid, the hinges may be loose or misaligned. You can readjust the hinges and re-tighten the nuts and screws.

Stuck or Loose Toilet Handle: A Sign of Potential Problems

If the toilet handle is too loose or too tight, it can cause problems. You may need to tighten or loosen the mounting nut to resolve the issue.

If the toilet handle sticks in the down position, which makes the toilet run constantly, make sure the handle mounting nut inside the tank isn’t too tight. Loosen it slightly if needed. Flush handles are usually reverse threaded, which means you have to turn the nut clockwise to loosen them.

After that, clean the handle mounting nut and shaft threads so the handle operates smoothly. Make sure the flush arm is pulling up the chain and opening the flapper correctly. Adjust the arm or chain as needed.

If the toilet handle is too loose, clean any debris or buildup from around the handle mounting nut inside the tank. Tighten the mounting nut carefully so the handle moves smoothly. Flush handles are usually reverse threaded, which means you’ll turn the nut counterclockwise to tighten.

Get Your Toilet Fixed

Toilet troubles are a common occurrence, but there are many problems you can fix on your own. It’s important to take quick action if you notice a toilet repair, however, as it can lead to bigger problems down the line.

If you need toilet repairs, contact the pros at Sierra Air to schedule your appointment!

Your home has multiple types of plumbing pipes that are used for different purposes, including carrying water to your kitchen faucet or flushing waste through your sewage system. The ancient Greeks used clay pipes to transport water to homes and public buildings, but we’ve evolved to use iron, copper, galvanized steel, and now, more advanced materials like PEX and PVC.

Find out the top 3 types of plumbing pipes you need to know from the experts at Sierra Air, your one-stop shop for everything fromplumbing service to furnace maintenance and repair.

PVC Pipes

Polyvinyl chloride pipes (PVC) are often used in the toilet, sink, or shower drain lines. Its plastic tubing is ideal for this type of plumbing usage because it protects water from rust and corrosion more effectively than other types of pipes. It’s also durable. If it doesn’t get damaged, PVC pipes will last forever.

If you have high water pressure, PVC pipe is the best option. It’s often used for the home’s main water supply line for this reason. It’s also a lightweight material that’s much easier to work with than galvanized steel or copper. PVC pipes have a smooth inner lining that prevents sediment buildup and resists blockages and contamination.

That said, PVC pipe isn’t perfect. There are drawbacks to its use, including limited sizing options and the inability to withstand extremely high temperatures. Some people are concerned over possible toxicity with plastic as well, but PVC piping meets all the standards set by theAmerican National Standards Institute. If this is a concern, other types of piping can be used to transport drinking water.

PEX Pipes

Cross-linked polyethylene (PEX) piping is an affordable plastic piping that’s often used for the water supply lines in homes. One of its major benefits is similar to PVC in that it prevents rust or corrosion from leaching into the water supply.

Professionals often prefer PEX pipes because they’re flexible and easy to weave through walls, ceilings, basements, and crawl spaces. Yet they’re strong enough to handle the high pressure of the water supply. They can be color-coded for hot and cold water, helping plumbers better identify and organize when they need to do plumbing repairs or replacements.

ABS Pipes

Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) pipe is similar to PVC pipes but a black color. ABS pipes are resistant to cold temperatures, making them ideal for vent and drain lines that may be susceptible to temperature extremes and freezing.

ABS pipes are easy to install, but they can warp when exposed to direct sunlight. They’re also a bit noisier than other types of plumbing pipes, which may be a bother to some homeowners.

Other Types of Plumbing Pipes

In addition to the advanced types of piping that are commonly used in homes, there are other types of plumbing pipes:

Copper Pipes

Copper piping was a mainstay in home plumbing for decades. It can last for over 50 years and is the standard hard pipe within the plumbing industry. It’s able to withstand high water pressure and comes in a variety of thickness, separating into rigid and flexible options.

A rigid copper pipe is typically used for water supply lines, while flexible copper pipes are used in tight spaces where malleable copper can bend. Copper pipes are resistant to corrosion, durable enough for hot and cold temperatures. It is more expensive than alternatives like PVC or PEX.

Cast Iron and Galvanized Steel Pipes

Cast iron and galvanized pipes are rarely installed in new homes, but they are common in older homes that were built prior to the early 20^th century. Cast iron pipes are still used today for parts of water distribution systems.

Unfortunately, both cast iron and galvanized pipes are prone to rust and corrosion over time, so they are often swapped for copper or plastic in residential plumbing repairs.

How to Choose the Right Plumbing Pipe for Your Needs

 

Selecting the right type of plumbing pipe for your home involves several factors. Here are some things to keep in mind:

• Application:Consider what purpose the pipes will serve in your overall plumbing system. For example, are they used for the hot or cold water supply or drainage? Different piping offers different advantages and disadvantages.
• Budget:If you’re on a tight budget, the types of plumbing pipes you can use may be limited. PVC and PEX pipes are more budget-friendly, whereas copper pipes are more expensive.
• Environmental impact:If you’re concerned about sustainability, you may want to choose materials like copper, which is easy to recycle, or PEX, which may have a lower overall environmental impact because of its lower energy requirements during manufacturing.
• Climate:Your area’s climate makes a difference in the pipes you choose. Reno and the surrounding areas don’t get freezing temperatures very often, but it may be worth considering pipes that are more resistant to freezing for your outdoor lines. Your plumbing technician can help you determine the best option for your home.
• Water quality:The quality of your water supply can impact your choice of plumbing pipe. Soft water with low mineral content may be less corrosive than copper or steel, while hard water may benefit from the corrosion resistance of PEX.
• Installation ease:Consider your own DIY capabilities if you want to install your own plumbing. PVC and PEX pipes are easy to work with and often preferred for DIY plumbing. That said, your plumbing is not something to take lightly. If you don’t have experience, it’s best to work with an experienced plumbing technician.
• Building codes:If local building codes and regulations apply to the types of plumbing materials you can use for specific applications, make sure your choice of pipes is compliant. Your plumbing technician can help with this aspect of the process.
• Goals for your home:Are you planning on staying in your home for a long time? If so, it’s best to make a sound investment in new pipes, even if the upfront cost is higher. This may also help your home’s resale value. If you’re considering your short-term options and working on a budget, PVC and PEX pipes may be the better choice.

How Long Do Plumbing Systems Last?

Your plumbing system takes a lot of wear and tear. While it can last a long time, especially with proper plumbing maintenance, it’s not designed to function indefinitely. However, if you have outdated pipes in your home, replacing them may be the best choice.

With care and maintenance, your plumbing can last several decades before different parts of the system need to be replaced. Different materials are designed to last different time periods, however. For example, copper can last 50 years or more, cast iron can last 75 to 100 years, and galvanized steel can last 20 to 50 years. In contrast, PVC can last indefinitely.

In addition, the pipes themselves may last decades, but the pipe joints, fittings, and other components that connect plumbing and fixtures can experience leaks, clogs, and other plumbing issues that warrant a replacement.

Here are some signs that you may need to replace your faucet, toilet, and drain pipes:

• Discolored water:Water that’s an unusual color or brownish may indicate pipe corrosion, which means your water supply is carrying particles that cause the discoloration.
• Water odor:Avoid using any water that has a strange odor for potable purposes, since this could mean that you have bacteria buildup inside the pipes or mold growth in your pipes and drains.
• Leaking pipes or fixtures:Note any obvious leaks like a broken fixture or damp spaces behind walls or around major appliances. You should also look at your water bill and see if it’s been slowly rising without an obvious cause. This could be a sign that you have a leak somewhere in your plumbing system.
• Slow drainage:If you have a drain that refuses to unclog, no matter how many times you try, it could mean that your pipes are corroded or have some deeper issue. Replacing that aspect of your plumbing system may be the best course of action.
• Low water pressure:Persistent low water pressure could indicate a clogged water pipe somewhere in your system, such as downstream from the fixture. This could also indicate a leaking pipe.
• Cracks:Though some signs of a failing plumbing system are difficult to spot, a crack is not one of them. If you see a crack in your plumbing pipe, it’s a clear visual sign that you need a repair or replacement. Even if the pipe is behind a wall or under a floor, you will see signs of water damage.

Schedule Your Plumbing Repair

Whether you’re looking for plumbing installation or you have outdated or damaged pipes and need a plumbing replacement, Sierra Air is here to help with all your plumbing needs. Our skilled and experienced plumbers can help you determine the right course of action for your plumbing according to your home, goals, and budget.

Ready for your plumbing service?Contact us at Sierra Air to schedule your appointment!

 

Ah, the holidays. A time when friends and family gather to celebrate and enjoy time together. A time with more people in the house, doing more cooking, showering, and bathrooming than usual. A time when the outside temperatures are likely to be near freezing or below.

And … a time when things can go terribly wrong in the plumbing department, just when everyone is enjoying themselves the most.

Find out what to do to avoid common pitfalls and maintain your plumbing during the holidays, whether you’re at home or you’re traveling, and how to handle plumbing/repair services if you do have an unwelcome holiday plumbing emergency.

Key Takeaways:

• Learn the common pitfalls that occur around the holidays for your plumbing system.
• Find out some DIY solutions that you can use until your plumber arrives.

It’s the Holidays. What Could Go Wrong?

Actually, a lot can go wrong. Here’s a short list, starting with the worst:

Burst Pipes

Temperatures at or below 32 F freeze water. Frozen water expands. So, water in pipes where the temperature that gets to freezing can burst the pipes. In short: big, expensive mess.

Clogged Drains

Lots of stuff goes down the various drains in your home – think kitchen and bathroom sinks, toilets. Sometimes it’s too much stuff, or stuff that shouldn’t go down in the first place (any toddlers around?). And presto, you have a sink that won’t drain, a toilet that won’t flush, or worse.

A Strained Water System

More people equals more water use. Worst case, if you have a septic tank, it backs up. Less worse is not enough water pressure for showers and cleaning, or not enough hot water.

An Overloaded Garbage Disposal

Lots of food prep & meals leads to lots more food waste going down the disposal if you have one. That can lead to it clogging, damaging the blades, getting jammed, and more wear and tear on the equipment.

Be Prepared for Plumbing Emergencies

Here’s what you can do before the holidays to avoid plumbing headaches.

 

Know Your System

Know the Location of Your Main Shut-Off Valve

At times you may need to cut off the water to the house quickly. You’d do that, for example, if a pipe bursts.

Know Your Plumbing Layout

If a plumbing problem occurs, it helps to have an understanding of where drain lines, sewer lines, and water supply lines are located.

Make Sure Your Pipes Are Well-Insulated

Even temperate climates can experience a deep freeze. Look for pipes, valves and fittings that will be most exposed to the elements. Make sure those are insulated with foam pipe sleeves, fiberglass wraps, pipe wraps with self-sealing adhesive, or for extreme cold, use heating cables or heating tape. Inspect existing insulation to make sure it’s intact and not damaged. If it is, replace it.

Use Water-Saving Appliances and Fixtures

Today’s washing machines, dishwashers, faucets, and showerheads are designed for maximum water efficiency. If you haven’t already, consider giving your home the holiday gift of replacement models.

Check the Drainage System

Check for existing clogs, consider cleaning out all the drains, both inside and outside your home. Make sure you know the locations of any of these that apply: sump pump, sewer or septic clean out. Check gutters and downspouts outside – holiday weather can bring a lot of rain or moisture. If gutters and downspouts are clogged, you and your guests could be wading through water when you step outside.

Get a Benchmark Reading of Your Water Pressure

If you know what your water pressure is in normal situations, you’ll be able to detect if the pressure changes suddenly, which can mean there’s a problem.

Check Your Water Heater

What is the age and capacity of your water heater? It might pay to have it serviced ahead of the holidays.

Inspect, Inspect, Inspect

It’s a solid idea to have a professional inspect your plumbing system before the holidays. They’ll know best how to spot trouble before it starts. Short of that, you can inspect your pipes, sinks, tubs, toilets, and drains. If you spot leaks or cracks, now’s the time to remediate them.

Have Important Info and Tools at Hand

Know Who to Call

Now’s the time to make a list of plumbing/repair services in your area that do 24/7 service calls, including holidays.

Have Essential Know-How and Tools for Handling Minor Problems

You’ll save yourself some time and money if you know how to fix a dripping faucet or a running toilet on your own. Those kinds of minor issues can turn into bigger problems if you don’t take care of them quickly.

Tools you may need include:

• Adjustable wrench
• Basin wrench
• Caulking gun
• Compression sleeve puller
• Hacksaw
• Pipe cutter
• Pipe threader
• Pipe wrench
• Pliers: slip-joint pliers or tongue-and-groove pliers
• Plunger
• Plumber’s tape
• Plumbing snake (auger or drain snake)
• Safety gear, including work gloves, safety goggles, and knee pads
• Teflon tape (PTFE)
• Torch and flux
• Water pressure gauge

Best Practices

If you and your guests utilize the best practices listed below, you’ll help avoid plumbing problems.

Use The Least Amount Of Water

The more people in the house, the more water used. If you’ve got a large group, you can minimize the impact of that by:

• Taking fewer, and shorter, showers and baths
• Only running the dishwasher and washing machines with a full load

Dispose of Things Carefully

Getting rid of trash, used and unwanted items, and food waste is a major source of drain and pipe clogs.

DO:

• Use drain guards to prevent food particles and other substances that aren’t water from going down kitchen or bathroom drains
• Have trash bins in handy places to toss waste instead of down a drain or toilet

 

DON’T:

• Put oil, fat, or grease down a drain
• Flush wipes down the toilet – even the ones marked “flushable” can cause clogs
• Flush sanitary pads, tampons, or paper towels
• Use your garbage without the water running or for:
  • Tough, hard, or fibrous food waste such as fruit pits, potato peels, celery, corn husks, or bones
  • Starchy foods like rice or pasta down the drain or in the disposal as they can cause blockages when they expand
  • Non-food items in the disposal
  • Too much food waste all at once

 

Pass the Word

It’s important that everyone in your home is on the same page about how to avoid plumbing problems.

Here are some ideas of how to do that in a hospitable way:

• When your guests arrive, look for a time to let them know about water conservation and how to help avoid plumbing issues. If you have low-flow toilets, for example, they may not be as familiar with how they work.
• Let one or more of your guests know where the main water shutoff valve is in the event there’s an emergency and you’re not there.
• Post signs near toilets, sinks, tubs, and showers asking them to conserve water by turning off the water while brushing teeth or soaping up, and to not flush things that can cause a clog.
• Post a reminder near the garbage disposal about what not to put in it.
• Show them where you recycle and toss waste.
• Lead by example. As you brush and wash hands, for instance, do it in a water-conserving way.

When You’re Away from Home Over the Holidays

If you’ll be away during the holidays and no one will be home, here are steps you can take to help avoid a plumbing emergency and to handle one if it occurs:

• Set your thermostat so that indoor temps don’t reach freezing.
• Ask a neighbor or a friend to periodically check on your house. Show them where the water shut off is located.
• Shut off the main water supply. In very cold climates you may need to drain your pipes as well. A professional plumber can winterize your pipes and plumbing system for long absences.
• Make sure your water heater is set at a level to save energy and not freeze.

Handling A Plumbing Emergency

Even when you’ve taken all the above advice and completed all the steps to avoid a plumbing emergency, they do sometimes occur.

If you’re home and can handle a minor repair yourself, then do that as soon as possible. If, however, any of the following occur, it’s time to call for professional plumbing/repair services:

• You smell gas or suspect a gas leak. Have everyone leave the home immediately, don’t use any flames, and call a professional.
• You have a sewage backup. This is a situation that presents high risk of negative health consequences.
• You have a burst pipe. Shut off the main water supply and call a pro.
• Your septic system backs up, is draining slowly or has a foul odor.
• Your pipes are frozen. Don’t try thawing them out on your own.
• Your hot water heater is leaking.
• You have a toilet that’s not flushing at all or running all the time and you’ve been unable to fix it.
• You have a drain that you’ve been unable to unclog.
• You have no hot water and haven’t been able to diagnose and fix the problem yourself.
• Your water pressure suddenly drops significantly.

Need Plumbing Repair Services?

The holidays are a busy time to begin with, let alone if you have plumbing problems that require a professional plumber. Taking care of some minor plumbing tasks on your own can prevent major mishaps that ruin your day.

 

If you need professional plumbing repairs or service, contact us at Sierra to schedule your appointment!

 

There’s nothing worse than having no hot water. It’s closely followed by having water that’s too hot, or even seeing rusty, dirty water pour out of your taps.

But it’s more than just a nuisance. If not repaired, problems with your water heater can put a stop to daily life. In extreme cases, these issues can develop into massive problems that demand expensive and time-consuming repair.

That’s why you should know how to troubleshoot a water heater. While they don’t teach you this at school, we’re here to tell you what to do when your hot water isn’t working the way it should.

This article will cover the 4 main water heater problems:

• having no hot water,
• seeing a leak,
• and having brown and rusty water.

We’ll explain what’s gone wrong inside the mechanism and how you can fix it.

I Have No Hot Water

First on our list is having no hot water at all. If you’ve turned on the faucet and there’s only cold water coming out, that’s a clear indication that you have a water heater problem. More specifically, it indicates a problem with your power, thermostat, or heating elements.

If you have an electric water heater, you need to make sure that the water heater’s circuit breaker hasn’t tripped. Take your service panel to ensure it hasn’t tripped. If it has, simply switch it off and on again. If you have hot water after this, then it was a straightforward power trip.

If, however, it hasn’t tripped, you’ll need to reset the high-temperature limit on your water heater. This sounds intimidating, but all you need to do is follow our steps:

1. Turn off the breaker to your water heater’s power using the service panel. Make sure it’s all switched off before you proceed.
2. Now, remove the access panel, insulation, and safety guard. Make sure you don’t physically touch any of the electrical wires or terminals.
3. Next, you’ll need to find the high-temperature cutoff reset button. This is a bright red button located just above your upper thermostat. Press this button.
4. Now, reinstall your safety guard, insulation, and access panel.
5. Switch on your heater’s circuit breaker.

My Water Heater Is Leaking

If you’ve seen water leaking from your water heater, you need to act fast.

Ignoring it won’t solve the leak. In fact, it’ll allow the leak to grow, wasting you hundreds of dollars of water. Plus, you could end up with flooring and wall damage, as well as a spread of mold and mildew.

First, locate where the water leak is coming from: the top or the bottom of your water heater.

My Water Heater Is Leaking from The Top

If your water heater is leaking from the top, it suggests one of two issues. First, it could be that your hot or cold outlet pipes aren’t fastened tightly enough. Second, it may be that your temperature and pressure (T&P) valve isn’t functioning the way it should.

The first step is to find where your leak is stemming from. To do this, switch off your water heater but do not turn off the cold water inlet until you’ve found where the leak is. If you turn the cold water inlet off, it could allow the leak to disappear due to a lack of pressure. Once you’ve switched everything on again, the leak will come back.

If you’re struggling to find the source of the leak visibly, try running your hand (but make sure it’s dry) over the pipes and fittings. Feel for any source of moisture, and then investigate should you find evidence of a leak.

If this isn’t working, you can wrap the pipes and fittings in tissue paper. If water seeps through the material, you’ll find where your leak is.

First, make sure the valve is closed properly. While it’s obvious, it’s easily done. Turn it as tight as you can.

If the leak is still present, follow the steps to replace your valve:

1. Connect the valve to an ordinary garden hose. Make sure the other end of the hose sits outside.
2. Switch off your water inlet for the tank. You can find this at the top of your water heater on the cold water line.
3. Turn the valve anticlockwise to open it, and let your tank drain.
4. After the tank has emptied, remove the valve altogether.
5. Use joint compound or Teflon to wrap the threads of your new drain valve.
6. Screw the replacement valve into position, fixing it as tight as you can manually.
7. Finish up by using a wrench to tighten it roughly half a turn.

For water heaters that are leaking from the bottom, we recommend calling in a professional. Fixing these leaks can be much more involved than any leaks from the top of the water heater.

My Water Is a Dirty/Rusty Color

Having dirty colored water is an obvious issue. Your water should always be transparent and clean. If your water is a rusty color, it’s almost always down to a corroded anode rod.

This isn’t something you should ignore. The water could become contaminated, which is dangerous for your family. Plus, it can cause a leak in your water heater, which, as we know, will then need replacing altogether.

So, act fast and replace your anode rod by following the steps:

1. Switch off all power to your water, including the cold water supply line.
2. Locate your anode rod. Generally, you can find it on the top of your water heater toward the side of the mechanism.
3. Now use a garden hose to drain about 10 percent of the water in your tank to somewhere outside.
4. Let your tank cool down.
5. Remove your anode rod with a socket or boxed end wrench. Don’t use liquid solutions like Liquid Wrench on any of your water heater’s components. It could contaminate your water.
6. Ensure the threads are pointed downwards when installing the new anode rod. Wrap them in joint compound or plumber’s tape.
7. Put the new anode rod in place, turning it manually until it can’t be turned any further.
8. To finish, use a socket wrench, tightening it another half a turn. Ensure that your water heater stays in place while doing so, not twisting or turning out of place.

Having a faulty water heater can lead to extensive water damage and high repair bills, so it’s crucial to understand how to troubleshoot. If you want professional guidance call Sierra Air today!

Living in a house comes with numerous responsibilities, and perhaps one of the most overlooked yet critical ones is maintaining the plumbing system. After all, who wants to be bothered by that constant water dripping or walking into a bathroom flooded due to inadequate drainage?

But for many people, plumbing maintenance and repair is too intimidating. There is also the fear of repairing something and worsening it. However, before you rush to call a plumber or make some bad DIY choice, you might want to take a look at these plumbing secrets that can save you time and money.

Key Takeaways

• It’s important to know where you water shut off valve is in your home, as this can save you from more serious damage when plumbing issues occur.
• Although a popular solution for dealing with clogged drains, chemical drain cleaner can cause irreversible damage to your plumbing.
• Having DIY plumbing essentials like caulk, plumbers tape, and plumbers dope can help you make a variety of cost-effective repairs on your own.
• Addressing smaller issues like slow drains early one can help you diagnose potentially more significant issues before they become a costly repair

Check Your Water Meter for Leaks

One of the best ways to detect if there’s a leak in your system is by checking your water meter. For this, you’ll need to turn off all water sources in your home – this includes faucets, washing machines, dishwashers, and any other appliance that uses water. Once everything is turned off, take a look at your water meter.

 

If the meter continues to move, it’s likely that you have a leak somewhere in your system. This method won’t tell you where the leak originates, but it’s a good first step toward identifying a problem. A continued movement on your water meter when all water sources are turned off is a clear red flag that needs immediate attention.

Don’t Ignore Slower Drains

Many people tend to ignore slower drains until they become completely blocked. However, slow drains are often an early warning sign of a larger issue. It could indicate a blockage in the making, a problem with your sewer line, or even tree roots infiltrating your pipes.

Instead of waiting for the drain to become completely blocked, take action as soon as you notice a slowdown. You can try numerous DIY methods, like using a plunger or a plumber’s snake. If these don’t work, it may be time to call in a professional. Ignoring the issue could lead to more serious and expensive problems down the line.

Know Where Your Main Water Shutoff Valve Is

Knowing where your main water shutoff valve is can save you from potential water damage in case of a major leak or plumbing disaster. The valve’s location varies depending on your home, but it’s usually located in basements, crawlspaces, or near the water heater.

Ensure every household adult knows where the shutoff valve is and how to use it. In the event of a serious leak, quickly turning off your home’s water supply can minimize damage and give you peace of mind while you wait for a plumber to arrive.

Drain Cleaner is a No-No

It’s a popular notion that chemical drain cleaners are the ultimate solution for clogged drains – a notion that couldn’t be further from the truth.

While they may provide temporary relief, these products are packed with harsh chemicals that adversely affect your pipes in the long run. The chemicals can corrode the inner lining of the pipes, leading to weakened structures, leaks, and even pipe bursts.

Moreover, the environmental implications of these chemicals are significant. They can seep into groundwater and contaminate it, posing risks to local ecosystems. The price of these potential damages far outweighs the cost of any short-term convenience these cleaners may provide.

Instead, reach for a plunger or a plumber’s snake to dislodge the clog. These tools can effectively clear blockages without causing any damage to your pipes. If these methods don’t work, don’t hesitate to call a professional.

Also, remember that prevention is always better than cure. Avoid pouring grease, oil, or any solid waste down your drains, as they can solidify and cause blockages.

Avoid Over-Tightening Valves and Tube Fittings

When it comes to dealing with valves, faucets, or pipe fittings, many homeowners subscribe to the “tighter is better” philosophy. However, over-tightening can lead to many problems, including stripped screws and broken bolts, resulting in leaks or even water damage. This common mistake in DIY plumbing projects can turn a minor repair into a costly endeavor.

Instead, strive for a snug fit. The fitting should be tight enough to prevent leaks but not so tight that it puts undue stress on the hardware. A good rule of thumb is to hand-tighten plus a quarter turn with a wrench. This should ensure a good seal without damaging the fitting or the pipe.

Remember, if a leak occurs, it’s easier (and usually cheaper) to tighten a fitting than to replace a broken one.

Always Have Some Plumber’s Tape Nearby

Plumber’s tape, or Teflon or thread seal tape, is a must-have tool for every homeowner. It creates watertight seals at pipe threads, preventing leaks at joints and connections. The tape fills in gaps between the threads, ensuring a secure and tight seal.

Before attaching any fittings, take a moment to wrap a few layers of plumber’s tape around the threads in a clockwise direction. Make sure the tape covers all the threads and is wrapped tightly. This simple yet crucial step can save you from dealing with annoying leaks down the line.

Having a plumber’s tape at hand can help you tackle minor leaks yourself, saving you time and potentially money on calling out a plumber for a simple job. However, remember that for larger issues, professional help is always recommended.

Install Pipe Insulation to Prevent Sprayer Snags

Sink sprayers can be highly convenient but can also become frustrating when they fail to extend fully or get stuck. This common issue often occurs when the sprayer hose gets snagged on the shutoff valves. To prevent this from happening, consider installing pipe insulation.

Foam pipe insulation, which is readily available and easily cut to size, can act as a cushion between your sprayer hose and the valves. By preventing direct contact, you eliminate the chance of snags. The installation process is straightforward – measure the length needed, cut the insulation accordingly, and wrap it securely around the valve.

But the benefits of pipe insulation extend beyond just preventing sprayer snags. It can also reduce heat loss from your hot water pipes.

Keeping your hot water pipes insulated minimizes the energy required to heat the water, thus saving on your energy bills. Plus, during colder months, pipe insulation can help prevent your pipes from freezing and bursting – a situation that can lead to costly repairs.

Use Caulk Instead of Putty

When it comes to sealing fixtures like faucets, many DIY enthusiasts instinctively reach for a plumber’s putty. But there’s an alternative that might serve you better – silicone caulk.

While a plumber’s putty creates a strong seal, it has its drawbacks. It can stain certain surfaces, and it’s not recommended for specific materials like plastic or granite due to potential compatibility issues. Over time, putty can also dry out and crack, leading to leaks.

 

Silicone caulk offers a superior alternative in many instances. Unlike putty, it forms a waterproof seal that won’t stain or damage surfaces. Moreover, silicone caulk is more flexible than putty. This flexibility allows it to accommodate slight shifts or movements without breaking the seal, providing a more durable and long-lasting solution.

Just remember to let the caulk cure completely according to the manufacturer’s instructions before exposing it to water to ensure the best results.

Dope Everything

“Doping” in plumbing refers to applying pipe dope, or pipe joint compound, to the threads of plumbing connections before they’re screwed together. It might seem like an odd term, but it’s essential to ensure tight, leak-free connections.

Pipe dope acts as a lubricant, making it easier to tighten fittings. More importantly, it fills in any gaps between the threads, creating a seal that prevents leaks. Therefore, applying pipe dope to every threaded connection you make is good practice – not just those on your water supply lines. This practice should extend to gas, drain, and threaded electrical connections.

By doping all your connections, you’re taking a proactive approach to preventing potential leaks. This simple act can save you from future headaches and costly water damage repairs.

Remember, while these tips can help you handle minor plumbing tasks, don’t hesitate to call in a professional for more complex jobs. Plumbing can be intricate work, and a small mistake can lead to significant problems.

Know When It’s Time to Call a Professional

DIY plumbing can be rewarding if done correctly, and there are definitely ways for homeowners to save money by taking on minor plumbing jobs themselves. However, it’s important to recognize the limitations of DIY skills and know when it’s time to call in a professional.

When you need a professional plumber, trust the experts at Sierra to get the job done right. Sierra’s experienced plumbing technicians have the knowledge and expertise to handle everything from a simple leaky faucet to major sewer line repairs. Contact Sierra today for all your plumbing needs.

Replacing your plumbing system’s pipes is a sure way to increase the lifespan of your system and save on unexpected repair jobs.

When you’re choosing which kind of pipe material to use for your home, it’s important to consider all the options–and when it’s time to make that decision.

Signs You Should Get New Pipes

Your plumbing system will give you signs that it’s time for a pipe replacement. Here is a list of ways to know this is the best option for your home.

 

• Slow Draining Water – When your water drains slowly there is likely a clog somewhere in your pipes. There is a higher likelihood that clogs will form in your pipes if they are corroded.
• Bad Smell To Your Water – Mildew and mold will cause your water to have a rancid smell to it. This can also be harmful to your health as these are toxic materials. Avoid consuming or using the water until your pipes have been replaced.
• Water Looks Discolored – When pipes have corrosion present in them, they can cause your water to turn a brown or dark color. Pipe replacement is the only option for corroded pipes.
• Decreased Water Pressure – If you’ve tried many DIY methods and even called in a plumber to fix your low water pressure but it continues to return, you likely have a clog or leak.
• Pipes or Fixtures Are Leaking – If you notice water seeping out of a pipe or fixture or notice areas behind your walls or appliances feel damp, you have a leak. A pipe replacement is necessary to help fix this.

Types Of Pipe Materials

Every kind of piping material has unique benefits and traits. Here are the different pipe materials that are available when you are considering a pipe replacement.

Galvanized

Galvanized pipes used to be the normal pipe material used for home plumbing systems. They have a small diameter and are more susceptible to corrosion. Due to these reasons, they are no longer the go-to pipe material for residential homes.

Brass

Brass piping has less friction on the inside walls which will allow your water pressure to remain steady and they are rust-resistant. They are also known to be one of the longest-lasting pipe materials for plumbing systems. Usually, these kinds of pipes are used inside walls, for pump fittings, water tanks, and hot water distribution.

Copper

Copper piping has a vast number of benefits and is a common material for household plumbing systems. They handle extreme temperatures and temperature fluctuations very well, are corrosion-resistant, and durable.

Although they are a good option for residential plumbing, they are not easy to install on your own. This is due to the pipes needing to be soldered together which a professional should handle. If other pipe materials are run along with copper, they require special fittings to attach the pipes.

PVC

PVC pipes are a great option for many different plumbing needs. They are available in various configurations and thicknesses, are cheaper to buy, and can easily be installed on your own. But keep in mind that PVC piping is not usually used as a permanent plumbing solution.

Stainless Steel

Stainless steel is considered to be a top-notch piping material. This is because they are very dependable, have high flexibility and durability, and are corrosion-resistant. They are most commonly used in vulnerable areas in the plumbing system and where it is more difficult to put insulation.

However, they do have a more complicated installation since they require special coupling to attach them to other pipes in the system. They are also a more expensive pipe material.

Cast Iron

The heaviest pipe material available is cast iron. While these are heavy-duty and durable pipes they are more commonly used in large or commercial buildings. They are typically used for areas in the plumbing system that are installed underground. For example, the main pipe or drainage system.

PEX

PEX pipes are a great investment when it comes to piping material and are commonly used in residential areas and small businesses. They are a plastic material and have an easy installation process. If you’re wanting to install your pipes on your own this type of piping is recommended.

However, PEX pipes do cost more than other kinds of piping materials so the upfront cost will be higher. They also cannot be used in outdoor plumbing as the UV rays from the sun will strip the outside layer of the pipe.

What To Do After You Choose Your New Plumbing Pipes

After you’ve decided what kind of pipe material will be best for your home’s plumbing system, you can contact a licensed professional for installation.

The Sierra Air team is ready to help get your pipe replacement going. Give us a call today to schedule an appointment!

 

There can be a lot of factors that you have to consider when picking a new toilet for your home. There are a variety of options available to you when you first start searching and that can be overwhelming. Factors such as color, height, toilet type, and many more things go into your decision.

Knowing what kinds of toilets are available to you and what benefits they offer can help make your decision easier. Here we will share with you the first steps to choosing a new toilet and everything you need to know about the different kinds.

First Steps

Determine The Needs of The Space

Each room will have a different need when it comes to finding the right toilet. First, you’ll want to consider a couple of questions before you start searching for a new toilet. What room will this toilet be in? Maybe it will be in a guest room or a child’s room which have very different needs. Are you going for a spa or luxurious design in your bathroom or are you looking for something basic?

Measure, Measure, Measure

Once you’ve decided where the new toilet will be going, you’ll need to measure the area to make sure that you’ll have enough room for installation. This will help you to pick the right model for your area and needs. You’ll need to get the most important measurement to do this, which is the rough-in. The rough-in is the distance between the wall and the floor drain.

To determine your rough-in, measure from the wall behind the toilet to the middle of the bolts at the base. Typically, rough-ins measure 12 inches, but smaller or older bathrooms may have a rough-in of 10-14 inches.

Toilet Types

• Urinals– These are most recognized in men’s public restrooms but can be a great addition to areas where a man spends a lot of time such as the garage or man cave. They don’t take up much space since they are wall-mounted and conserve a lot of water.
• Wall-Mounted Toilets– These types of toilets can be installed at certain heights on your wall as long as it is sturdy enough to hold it. Great for walker and wheelchair transfers and very easy to keep the toilet and floor underneath clean. Since the unit and installation can be a little more expensive these have a higher upfront cost.
• One-Piece Toilets– Ideal for smaller bathrooms and very easy to keep clean since they don’t have any crevices due to not having a separate bowl and tank. These types of toilets can add a sleek, stylish element to your bathroom.
• Smart Toilets– If you’re looking for a luxurious kind of bathroom a smart toilet will be a great addition. These can come with many different premium features such as heated seats, bidets, or air dryers.
• Two-Piece Toilets– Different from the one-piece toilet, these have a separate tank and bowl. They are the most common kind of toilet you see today and are much more affordable. Plumbers can also easily find replacement parts for these toilets.
• Water-Saving Toilet– Did you know that older toilets use about 7 gallons of water per flush? Water-saving toilets are known to be an eco-friendlier option since they use 1.28 gallons per flush.

What to Consider When Deciding on a New Toilet

Aside from the types of toilets that there are, here are a few more things to consider when you’re looking for a toilet that will fit your style and needs.

 

• Toilet Profile– Toilet profiles can add to the aesthetic of your bathroom. The three kinds of toilet profiles you will find are visible traps, skirted bases, and concealed traps.
• Flushing Types – The different flushing types each have a specific way of removing waste and paper from your bowl. Flushing types include single-flush, pressure-assisted, dual-flush, and power-assisted.
• Toilet Heights– A standard toilet rim height is 14-15 inches while ADA-compliant toilets are 15-17 inches. Toilets will come in either tall, chair, or comfort heights.
• Toilet Color – Although white toilets are popular and common you may want a toilet that fits more of your aesthetic. Black and almond toilets can help to enhance the design of your restroom.
• Toilet Bowl Shape – There are two kinds of toilet bowl shapes. These include elongated and round bowls. Round bowls are ideal for smaller spaces while elongated bowls are more comfortable when sitting.
• Toilet Seats – Your toilet seat shape has to match the shape of your bowl. So if you have a round bowl, you’ll need a round seat. Toilet seats can provide many luxury features such as easy release, soft close, heated seats, lighted seats, bidets, and children’s seats.

Next Steps

Now that you know all your options when choosing a new toilet you can start searching for which one will fit your needs the best.

The Sierra plumbers can help give you exactly what you’re looking for with your bathroom and toilet replacement. Give us a call today to schedule a toilet installation!

 

If you’re in your own bathroom – or someone else’s – and have an overflowing toilet, you have to take immediate action to keep the bowl from flooding the bathroom. It’s not only scary, but it’s embarrassing.

Most people know how to handle simple clogs, but an overflowing toilet could be a stubborn clog that needs a little more finesse. Here’s what you should do if you experience an overflowing toilet.

First, Stop the Water Flow

If your toilet has a water shut-off valve, this is the easiest way to stop the water flow and give yourself time to plunge. It’s usually located near the wall where the toilet connects. Once you find the valve, turn it clockwise to shut off the water.

Another option is to close the flapper in the tank. You’ll have to move quickly, but you can open the lid and push the flapper down into the hole to stop water from flowing into the tank. This is a round rubber piece that’s usually a bright color and has a chain or metal lever attached. Once it’s closed, the flapper seals off the tank and bowl.

If you think the toilet may overflow before you flush, get ready by opening the tank and finding the flapper. Then use your other hand to flush the toilet. If it begins to overflow, you can plug the flapper quickly.

Whatever you do, don’t flush again! This will only add more water to the tank, since these types of clogs are usually a full blockage. Adding more water may turn a high water level into a full overflow.

Plunge the Toilet

Now that the water is under control, you can plunge without the stress of water entering the bowl. Depending on how high the water level is, you may need to use a bowl or bucket to remove a few inches of water and give yourself some space to plunge.

 

Once that’s done, put on gloves and grab the plunger. Many homes have a standard plunger, but a flange plunger is the best choice to create a tight seal and clear the clog quickly. These plungers have an elongated flange on the end that fits well into the toilet drain hole to make a proper seal.

If the plunger is stiff, it may help to loosen it up with hot water. Run it under hot water for a few seconds to heat the rubber and make it more pliable, so you can maneuver it to create a better seal.

Plunging itself is simple, but not if you don’t know how to use a plunger properly. Most people only focus on the downward strokes, but it’s the combination of upward and downward motions that loosen the clog and move it through the pipes.

How To Unclog A Toilet With Baking Soda

After you get a tight seal, use strong, smooth, consistent up and down motions with the plunger, minding the seal. Don’t plunge furiously. It won’t help, as you’ll lose the seal without controlled movements.

Sometimes, loosening the clog is enough to move the water into the drain and have it flush normally. If that doesn’t happen, you can try flushing after plunging to see if it works. Just be prepared to close the flapper and stop the water flow if it begins overflowing again. You may need to plunge a few times to break up the clog.

Try a Natural Remedy

If the clog isn’t loosening up, don’t reach for chemical clog removers. These products have highly corrosive chemicals that will damage the porcelain in the toilet.

 

Instead, use the plumber’s secret of hot water and dish detergent. Both of these are safe for your toilet and can loosen up the clog to make it easier to plunge. Just add some hot water and a squirt or two of dish detergent before you plunge.

Another option that works well if you can wait is baking soda and vinegar. These ingredients are great for breaking up clogs with a harmless chemical reaction. Just add one cup of each to the toilet bowl and leave it sit for eight hours, then try to clear it again.

Should You Call a Plumber?

If you’re plunging and not getting anywhere, it may mean there’s a bigger problem in the toilet. For example, children may put toys in the toilet that can cause severe blockages. In this case, plunging will only help to bring up the toy, but calling a plumber is the best bet.

Clogs will happen from time to time, but if your toilet clogs constantly, there may be an issue lurking deeper in your system. If this is the case, bring in a plumber to correct the underlying issue, not the symptom (the clog).

Need plumbing help for your bathroom? Contact us at Sierra to schedule your appointment!

There’s nothing worse than making an emergency call to a plumber during a busy week or in the middle of the night. That burst pipe or sewer backup can’t wait, but with regular care and maintenance, you could prevent it from happening in the first place.

Find out how to care for your plumbing – no skills required – and prevent major repairs from disrupting your life.

Take Care of Your Drains

Shower and sink drains take a lot of abuse, particularly in the kitchen. If you’re allowing food and cooking grease to go down your drain, you have a problem waiting to happen.

Grease is liquid when you’re cooking, but it turns back into a solid once it cooled. So, you flush liquid down your drain where it rests in the P-trap, hardening and gathering food and other debris with it. Over time, this will cause a slow drain, if not a full-blown clog, or end up in your sewer causing a backup.

 

After cooking, dispose of the excess grease by putting it a container and letting it harden. Then, toss it out in the trash or save it for other cooking uses. You may want to install drain traps in your kitchen and bathroom sinks and shower to prevent unwanted items from going down.

Be Careful with What You Flush

The toilet is designed for liquid and solid waste and toilet paper. That’s it. A lot of flushable products aren’t quite flushable, include wet wipes and feminine hygiene products. When these products are flushed regularly, your toilet can become severely clogged.

 

If you happen to drop something in the toilet, you can try to dislodge it with a plunger. Don’t try to flush it down! If it ends up deep in the pipe, call a plumber. It’s also a good practice to speak to your entire family to make sure everyone is clear on what can and cannot go down the toilet.

Don’t Let That Leak Go On

If you have a slow drip in your sink or shower, don’t let it go. You’re not only wasting gallons of water each day – giving you higher water bills – but you could end up with a burst pipe and water damage.

You can try to fix a leaky faucet on your own by cleaning the internal washer and rings, but this takes a little bit of know-how. If you’re not comfortable, call in a professional to correct that leak, see what caused it, and ensure that you don’t have bigger problems lurking deep in your system.

Opt for Natural Drain Cleaners

For most homeowners, a slow drain or clog is a job for liquid drain cleaners. Unfortunately, that’s one of the worst things you can do for your pipes. The chemicals in these cleaners are highly corrosive, damaging your pipes over time.

Instead of liquid drain cleaner, rely on natural solutions like baking soda and vinegar to keep your pipes clean. This solution can clean our pipes and prevent clogs from forming, so you’re less likely to deal with a clog.

Be Careful with Your Garbage Disposal

If you treat your garbage disposal like a black hole, you’ll end up with problems. While soft food is fine, your garbage disposal is not designed to mulch fibrous vegetables, bones, or animal fat.

 

If you flush foods like this down your garbage disposal, it can gum up the blades and lead to clogs.

Be mindful of what you flush down the garbage disposal and always run cold water. This helps to carry the food waste down into the blades and pipes to prevent buildup. Avoid using hot water, which will melt grease and cause it to stick to the blades. If you want to keep your disposal clean, you can use baking soda and vinegar to rinse it regularly.

Don’t Take on Big Repairs on Your Own

Some plumbing problems are fine to take on at home, but if you don’t have plumbing knowledge, you could make your problems much worse. Plumbers have the training, experience, and tools to fix your plumbing problems effectively.

Unless you also have plumbing skills, it’s best to leave the work to the professionals. If you try to do it yourself, you could exacerbate the problem. Or worse, it could be dangerous.

Don’t Ignore the Small Stuff

Your plumbing is a big part of your home and day-to-day life. You probably don’t think about it until something happens and you’re scrambling to find a plumber at the last minute, however.

If you pay attention to small changes, such as a drip, a weird noise, or a sudden drop in water pressure, you could anticipate problems before they become more serious.

Schedule Routine Maintenance

Routine maintenance for your plumbing system is the best way to prevent future problems. Rather than worrying about your plumbing yourself, you can have a professional inspect your entire system to identify small repairs or issues before they become a major problem.

Want to take care of your plumbing? Schedule your maintenance or repairs from Sierra!